Free Hamlet Essays: Hamlet’s Deceit :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

Hamlet’s Deceit   In the play villa we see village, a man stuck in a tricky world. The government agents, everyone except Hamlet, need misdirection and foul play to live, and without it they would die. Polonius, maybe the most devious individual from the play lives and passes on while spying, truly. Different characters spy additionally to better themselves to certain person to propel their economic wellbeing. We see Hamlet, the one fair man left in the pack, seeing his one chance to spare his own one of a kind life. The perceptiveness of Hamlet is brief similar to all activities in this play spare the executing. That one may grin, and grin, and be a villain(I, v, l.108) This is to be my topic, something that Hamlet found and lived by for some a year and scene.   Neither a borrower nor a bank be, far credit oft loses both itself a friend(I, iii, l.75-76). Experience Polonius has in the two fields, for he speaks to the abhorring, conspiring men of the world in Hamlet. Polonius is a wicked man in the play. We see this fat Lord chamberlain play silly and to some degree dumb during his discussions with Hamlet. We realize that when his child Laertes is sent to France, Polonius send a government operative to tail him and to ensure he isn't doing any off-base. Polonius additionally prefers to watch everybody including his girl Ophelia, who is relied upon to report her relations with the master Hamlet to her dad. Later in the play, Ophelia lets Polonius and Claudius spy on Hamlet and herself talking. Her dad and myself†¦, seeing concealed, we may from experience honestly judge†¦ if’t be th’affliction  of his adoration or no that therefore he languishes over (III, I, l.32-37). Polonius, known for his misdirection is it s main genuine image, and it is emblematic when village murders him, practically like slaughtering the malicious which tormented the land in his normal structure, for Polonius was unceremoniously keeping an eye on Hamlet and his mom from behind a window ornament.       Other characters in Hamlet are additionally misleading. Laertes, has poison, from where did he get it? Ophelia as said before, fills in as a vehicle for Claudius and Polonius to take advantage of hamlet’s contemplations. The sovereign is even a piece of it one time. Indeed, even without the spying in any case, she is entwined in blame, wedding the sibling and enemy of her better half upon the arrival of his memorial service; what disgrace (tragically just experienced by Hamlet!).

Ethical Legal Dilemma Advanced Practice Nursing Case Study I Week 3 Assignment

Moral Legal Dilemma Advanced Practice Nursing Case Study I Week 3 - Assignment Example In spite of the fact that it might appear to be hard to state, the principle objective is to draw a line that crosses both a moral and a lawful part of such a situation so as to discredit any kind of obligation that may come to pass for the clinic should anything occur (Grant and Ballard, 2011). Doctor Assisted Suicide (PAS) is an extremely questionable subject with the two sides holding solid contentions on why it ought to or ought not be acknowledged. On one hand its seen as the straightforward and inside and out executing of another individual yet on the other it tends to be said that such a demonstration can't be viewed as murder as it includes the willing support of the alleged casualty (Lachman, 2010). What can be viewed as the best alternative subsequently is the production of a solid diagram for the conditions under which PAS is took into consideration an individual (Calandrillo, 1998). This is because of the way that now and again a person who will undoubtedly bite the dust at long last is basically being given a decision of enduring out till the end or deciding to go in a more quiet way yet sooner than would have been the situation. An individual ought to reserve the privilege to have the option to settle on such a choice for themselves (Lachman,

An Origin Story

An Origin Story I felt the sudden urge to write something tonight. I wasn’t sure what it would be, or what exactly to say, but I guess it’s always good to start at the beginning. Now that I think about it, the beginning makes a lot of sense considering I’m in the middle of reading applications for students who are about to start a new chapter in their lives. So, where’s my beginning? I guess it would be May 2010. I finished graduate school the semester before and had just completed my graduate assistantship, so it was high time for me to find a job and start my life. There was one problem: no one would hire me. Every response to my resume started with an apology chased by “Naah. We’re good around here. Keep it moving,” or something along those lines. I can’t remember the exact wording, because I was too busy drowning my sorrow and leftover stipend money in milkshakes from McDonald’s. These, my friends, were dark times. It’s a bit unfair to say no one would hire me, because by August I had two job offers: part-time sales associate at Best Buy and part time building manager at a nursing home. Now, I was in no position to be picky. I took both. There I was, me and my degrees, pouring coffee for the elderly and selling landline phones to the masses01 Im old . I wasn’t the only one who noticed either. I remember during one particular dinner at the nursing home, I was pouring a “nice” lady’s coffee when she yelled to her friends, “HEY! This guy has a master’s degree and he’s pouring my coffee! Can you believe it?!” She must have noticed that the light in my eyes had started to diminish, so she patted me on the arm and said, “Don’t worry, son. I was talking to my sister and she said the person who mows the lawn at her facility also has a master’s degree.” That moment was the dark night of my soul. While working those two jobs, I received several dozen rejection calls and emails for other jobs that I had applied for. The idea of failure was crushing and at times it felt like I couldn’t breathe. Add that to the fact that every time I went online I saw my peers living their absolute best lives. “How can they afford to do that?” I would ask myself. Every new Facebook photo felt like a million arrows to my heart. My shift at the nursing home was 4:00 p.m.â€"midnight every Friday, Saturday, and Sunday. The interesting thing about the second shift was that most of the guests were asleep by 8:00 p.m., so, outside of the occasional lap around the building to make sure everything was okay, I had nothing to do. Quick aside: The next revelation I had is why I think the question of “what do you do for fun?” is one of the most important things we ask on your application. All right, back to what I was saying. As I was starting to figure out that I really didn’t have much to do at work, the kitchen chef said that after they closed, I could take anything that I wanted from the fridge. With this new greenlight, I developed a routine that would eventually guide me through those dark times: Get to work Check in with the director. Check in with co-workers. Help residents with dinner. Sit at the front desk and wait for everyone to retire to their rooms. Take a lap around the building to make sure everything was ok. Stop at the kitchen and grab some sort of cake or pie. Go back to the front desk, go to Hulu, and turn on… That’s right! NARUTO! Ok, so I watched Naruto a bit in undergrad, but then I kind of fell out of touch once I started graduate school. A few months before this, my brother told me that the show had changed its name and skipped ahead several years. With this in mind, I decided to see what I had missed, and lo and behold, I was 150 episodes behind. As I said before, it’s always good to start at the beginning. Episode one. Play. At that point I was hooked. Every work shift was the same: watch two episodes, go on a walk, watch two more episodes, go on another walk, watch two more episodes, go home, apply for eight jobs, go to sleep. This went on for months. As time passed, I witnessed Akatsuki stealing tailed beasts, taught myself to code, saw the beginning of the fourth great ninja war, learned more about graphic design, and saw the reformation of team 7. The best part was that I was no longer consumed by the fact that I wasn’t where I wanted to be. I just wanted to see Naruto become Hokage. And then, almost out of nowhere, I got a call back. The Boston University Alumni Association was looking for a temp to run their social media, website content, and email marketing. I did a phone interview and it went well. I did a Skype interview and that went well too. Actually, it went so well that they said they would give me an answer soon! “Soon” came. My phone rang. The voice on the other end said, “We thought you were great, but I don’t feel comfortable making you move to Boston for a temporary position. Sorry, but we are going with a different candidate.” I don’t remember what was said after that, but I do remember everything going dark. A few days passed, and I started thinking about Naruto and how he would have reacted in my situation. It would have been with positivity and belief in himself and belief in other people and screaming about his ninja way and how he would be Hokage someday. My version of this was sending a follow up email to the person who interviewed me at BU. I thanked them and asked them to keep me in mind for future positions. A few days later, I got a response. I had been invited to Boston to interview again because things hadn’t worked out with their previous hire. WAAAAAAHHHHH!!! I’m already at 1000 words, so I’m going to do my own time skip past this part. Long story short, I got the job! It actually hinged on the time I spent teaching myself how to code. I guess looking back at it, the time between the end of my assistantship and when I started at BU wasn’t that long. It was about eight months, give or take. But, in the middle of it, it seemed to last forever. There’s a lesson in there somewhere, but I’m not a good enough writer to put that lesson into words. Maybe one of the other bloggers can do that for you in the comments. For now, I’ll just tell you that everything matters. Music, games, books, movies, shows, hobbies, whateverâ€" they’re all important. Embrace them and embrace how they make you feel. I’m not really good at endings, but I think I do remember hearing a certain blonde-haired ninja say that “failing doesn’t give you a reason to give up, as long as you believe.” I know. It’s a bit cheesy, but as someone who just told you that he spent most of his 20s watching Naruto, I can’t think of a better way to end this Post Tagged #i just wrote 1000 words about naruto #I'm sorry I'm old back to text ?

Article Review Trends of Tuberculosis in the United...

TB article review Title: Trends in Tuberculosis United States, 2011 Retrieved from: HYPERLINK http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6111a2.htm http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6111a2.htm Tuberculosis etiological agent is Mycobacterium tuberculosis-a bacterium. The bacterium can attack any part of the body including spine, kidney, and even the brain. However, the bacterium usually attacks the lungs. Tuberculosis is one of the leading causes of death over the world, the United States included. Individuals suffering from TB have to be treated properly. Failure to do this may lead to fatality. TB is transmitted through air especially when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or speaks thereby releasing the bacteria that causes TB into the air. If an uninfected person breathes in this infected air, they also get infected with TB. This becomes easier when the person breathing in the air has a compromised immune system. Bacterium that causes TB is capable of staying inside an individual without necessarily causing an infection. Such people do not show TB symptoms neither do they appear sick. Nevertheless, they are capable of spreading the bacterium that causes TB to people they interact with (CDC, 2012). This paper undertakes to review an online journal on infectious diseases trend on Tuberculosis. The review seeks to capture what the article is all about, the reason why the article was chosen, and whether the article makes claims about treatment of theShow MoreRelatedSubstance Abuse And Mental Health Association1098 Words   |  5 PagesReported heroin use in the United States is rising. Recent data suggest that almost 700,000 Americans consumed heroin last year, which represents an almost 40% increase from 2007 (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Association, 2014; Substance Abuse and Mental Health Association, 2008). 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Therefore, it is an easy counterargument to make against the U.S. cattle industry that if the European Union can produce enough consumable meat without the constant antibiotic use, then the United States could feasibly do the same. The sad reality is that the American pharmaceutical and agricultural industries are likely too greedy to change their dangerous ways for a marginal decrease in p rofit (Kaufman 2007). According to Consumer Reports, â€Å"studiesRead MoreNeedle Exchange Programs : Fighting The Hiv Epidemic2573 Words   |  11 Pagesdiseases; referrals to substance abuse treatment and other medical and social services distribution of alcohol swabs to help prevent abscesses and other bacterial infections; on-site HIV testing and counseling and crisis intervention; screening for tuberculosis, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and other infections; and primary medical services. 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Aldo Rossi A Poet and an Architect - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 885 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/09/16 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? Aldo Rossi ‘A poet who happens to be an architect’ (3 May 1931 -4 September 1997) Philosophy: â€Å"The primary sources of all architectural content are reflected in the use of primary forms, axial orientation and repetitive elements in the facades. † PERSONAL LIFE AND EDUCATIONAL PROFILE: †¢Born in Milan the 3rd of May 1931. †¢He moved with his family to Lake Como at 1940 †¢He attended a school run by the Padri Somaschi and subsequently the Alessandro Volta archbishop’s school in Lecco †¢First career choice was film, his interests translated to the field of architecture. Enrolled at the Faculty of Architecture at the Milan Polytechnic University at 1949 after the end of the war †¢Continued his studies in Prague and then in the Soviet Union, and took part in numerous cultural meetings at 1955. †¢Graduated architecture at 1959 †¢Joined the Milanese magazine Casabella-Continuita, serving as its editor from 1961 to 19 64 PROFESSIONAL PROFILE: His growing fame brought him positions as a professor in Zurich, Spain, and the United States. Namely Milans Politecnico, Zurichs ETH, New Yorks Cooper Union, and Venices Instituto Universitario di Architettura) †¢1955-1964-Worked with Ernesto Rogers on the leading Italian architecture magazine Casabella-Continuita †¢1956 He began work for Ignazio Gardella (1905-1999) and then for Marco Zanuso (1916) †¢1963 He became assistant to Ludovico Quaroni (1911-1987) at the School of Urban Studies in Arezzo and to Carlo Aymonino (1926) at the University Institute of Architecture in Venice(Iuav) †¢1965-A faculty member in the School of Architecture in Milan †¢1966-Published the book The Architecture of the City 1971 He began working with Gianni Braghieri †¢1975-Faculty member at University in Venice †¢1978 He began working with IAUS †¢1980 He began his work as an industrial designer which would lead him to work with major c ompanies like Alessi, Molteni and Unifor †¢1981- Published A Scientific Autobiography STYLE: †¢Neo-Rationalism – also known as La Tendenza. It is a movement originating in Italy in the 1960s which rejected the functionalist and technological preoccupations of mainstream Modernism, advocating a rationalist approach to design based on an awareness of formal properties. Architecture of the City oFocuses on the importance of the city and it’s architecture, and is in part a protest against the pure functionalism of the Modern Movement. oFor Rossi the city is a repository of the history of man, and as such, he laments the lack of understanding by current architectural practices. oHe believes that relying on function alone to define architecture misses the true meaning of a city. o He argues that a city must be studied and valued as a manmade object constructed over time. That urban architecture is intrinsically connected with the overall city. Scientific Autobiogra phy oThis revealing memoir by Aldo Rossi (1937–1997) oone of the most visible and controversial figures ever on the international architecture scene, intermingles discussions of Rossis architectural projects—including the major literary and artistic influences on his work—with his personal history. oDrawn from notebooks Rossi kept beginning in 1971, these ruminations and reflections range from his obsession with theater to his concept of architecture as ritual. WORKS: †¢Gallaratese 2 Residential Complex, Milan, 1969-73 †¢San Cataldo Cemetery, Modena, 1971, 1978-84 Pavillon in Borgo Ticino, Borgo Ticino, 1973 †¢Teatro del Mondo, Venice, 1979-80 †¢Wohnanlage La Villette, Paris, 1986-91 †¢School of Architecture, University of Miami, Miami, 1986-93 †¢Hotel il Palazzo, Fukuoka, 1987-89 †¢Disney Office Complex in Disneyland, Orlando, 1991-94 †¢Quartier Schutzenstrasse, Berlin-Mitte, 1995-97 †¢Scholastic Building in New York TEATRO DEL MONDO The theatre, in which the architecture serves as a possible background, a setting, a building that can be calculated and transformed into the measurements and concrete materials of an often elusive feeling, has been one of my passions. Constructed for the 1979-80 Venice Biennale, embodies Rossis ideas about architecture but exceeds them in the imaginative solution he created, partly due to his infatuation with the theatre. †¢As Rossi reiterated throughout his career that architecture provides a stage for life, with public spaces acting as backdrops for lifes experiences. †¢With neither theatre nor architecture existing without an event, Rossi focuses on the unexpected occurrences, the ever-changing meanings of a place due to ever-changing events. †¢His theater is not a place solely to watch performances but also a place to be watched, a place to observe and to be observed. This is accomplished on two levels, by placing the theatre as an object in the water and, on the inside, by placing the stage in the centre of the seats. †¢As spectators become part of the backdrop for the theatrical event, the city of Venice is drawn inside through window openings in the upper balconies. †¢Uneasiness occurs as the people sitting in these areas are aware of the presence of boats and the visual rise and fall of the theatre on the water. AWARDS: †¢1970 – He won the competition for the chair of Building characteristics in Palermo †¢1981 – First prize in the international IBA competition for his project for n. 0 Friedrichsrasse in Berlin †¢1984 – First prize in the competition for the Carlo Felice Theatre in Genoa †¢1987 – First prize in the international competition for Villette south of Paris †¢1990 – He won the Pritzker Prize †¢1991 – He won the Aia Honor Award †¢1991 – He was awarded the City of Fukuoka prize for the best architecture with ‘Il Palazzo’ hotel complex †¢1992 – Winner of the ’1991 Thomas Jefferson Medal in Architecture’ and of the architecture prize ‘Campione d’Italia nel mondo’ September 4, 1997 – Aldo Rossi died in Milan following a road accident Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Aldo Rossi: A Poet and an Architect" essay for you Create order

Airline Consumer Engagement Marketing Essay Free Essays

Abstract This paper discusses how airline companies engage with their consumers. It discusses the modes of consumer engagement and the process of engagement. Most companies use integrated marketing approach to engage consumers because of the diversity of needs in the market. We will write a custom essay sample on Airline Consumer Engagement Marketing Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now It also outlines the various theories of decision-making as applied in the airline industry. The aim is to establish how different consumers make their decisions about services and products in the market. Cognitive dissonance theory, maximization utility, the reasoned action and the theory of certainty provide realistic concepts for predicting the behavior of consumers. Companies are more likely to use them in designing and implementing consumer engagement strategies. Introduction Customer engagement marketing refers to all the strategies that a company or business use to establish a relationship between the consumers and the operations of the company. Effective consumer engagement strategies are important because they influence consumers towards developing values in relation to companies. Consumers who value the services or products of a particular company tend to be loyal customers (Bowden 2009). Consumer engagement can also be perceived as a marketing strategy that aims at creating and maintaining loyal customer base in the market (Bowden 2009). This paper seeks to discuss how companies in the airline sector engage with consumers of their services in the market. It also seeks to discuss how consumers make decisions using relevant theories. The Reasons for Consumer Engagement Processes Understanding why companies need to engage with consumers in the market is useful in determining how they conduct the process of engagement. Consumer engagement is a crucial aspect of brand management. Brand management is one of the marketing strategies that companies use to establish brand loyalty. It aims at increasing the positive perception of a particular product or services (Ashworth Kavaratzis 2010). For instance, companies in the airways sector engage in awareness campaigns to inform the public of their services and routes of destination. The awareness campaign is one of the aspects of brand management strategy. Consumer engagement strategies may provide platforms for receiving feedbacks regarding the services that companies offer in the airline sector. The companies can use the feedbacks to improve the nature of their services (Ashworth Kavaratzis 2010). For instance, an airline company may learn that their flight attendants take relatively longer time to serve customers c ompared to other companies. The airline company may use the information to serve as a basis of investigation and improvement of all services. Customer engagement strategies also provide information that a company can use to understand the composition of the market. The information regarding the composition of the market is useful in determining why certain age groups do not use the available services. It also makes the company understand how to change and improve their services to accommodate the interests of other people who do not use the services (Bowden 2009). Companies may also understand their competitions using the feedback they receive from consumers. Consumer Engagement Strategies Modes of Engagement Companies use various modes to engage consumers. The suitability of the modes depends on the objective of engagement. For instance, a company that seeks to get feedback on their new product will use Facebook because it provides options for receiving comments. The strength of the methods of engagement lies in the ability of consumers to provide feedback regarding the operations of companies in the airline sector. The market composition for airline services has become complicated. It consists of different groups of people who have varying needs. Each group of consumers requires a different advertisement method. The methods of advertisement include the traditional modes such as televisions, radios and printed articles. Most recently information technology has become the predominant mode of engagement. Information technology supports various social platforms such as Facebook and twitter. Information technology also involves advertisement through mobile phone applications. Most airline co mpanies use an integrated marketing strategy to respond to the challenge of diversity in the market. Integrated marketing strategy involves using various advertisement methods together. The scheme offers a comprehensive approach for engaging consumers of airline services in the operations of the company (Shakeel-Ul-Rehman Ibrahim 2011). Media planners in such companies acknowledge the diversity in the market in relation to the interests of people. For instance, the traditional advertisement methods may be helpful in reaching people who might find the use of technology a daunting task (Shakeel-Ul-Rehman Ibrahim 2011, p. 188). It can be argued tha tthe use of information technology offers more appeal to the younger generation and business people who value time. Consumer engagement through social media works on principles that are different from the traditional methods. It offers a platform for receiving feedbacks regarding the operations of the company. The Process of Engagement Bijmolt et al. (2010) maintains that the process of consumer engagement begins from acquisition of the same. The process of acquisition involves selecting prospective customers on the basis of their potential responsiveness and their ability to purchase the services. This aspect is important to airline companies in African countries because of the high rate of charges they impose for the services. Only people with adequate financial resources can afford the charges. The selection criteria might help companies to conserve their resources by focusing on customers who fit the qualification criteria. The selection process helps the airline companies to establish their focus in the market. The companies use the Recently, Frequently and Monetary model to select prospectus customers (Bijmolt et al. 2010). RFM is a strategy that companies use to determine the value of customers. The assumption of the valuation model is that a future customer has the same characteristics as the customer of th e past. The second step in the process involves the management of the acquired customers (Bijmolt et al. 2010). This step also involves a sub-process of allocating resources in relation to the establishment of effective marketing approaches. Media planners select suitable advertisement modes based on the analysis of the characteristics of the prospective customers. Airline companies might, therefore, use an integrated marketing approach to counter the challenge of diversity in the market. A higher proportion of people aged above 65 years and above find technology intimidating and involving. Majority of people aged below 45 years find technology appealing to their interests (Shakeel-Ul-Rehman Ibrahim 2011). Business people and executives of various corporations prefer direct inquiry because other processes consumes a lot of time. Correspondingly, the consumer management process follows a successful analysis of the characteristics of prospects consumers (Posavac 2012). Other steps involve cus tomer development and retention (Bijmolt et al. 2010). The processes aim at attracting loyalty to the services of airline companies by engaging in vigorous campaigns of the same. In general, airline companies engage consumers through a process that begins from a careful selection of the same and ends at retention. They also engage consumers through carefully planned advertisement techniques (Bijmolt et al. 2010). Consumer Decision-Making Process Making a decision involves engaging in a process that would help decide the right course of action in a situation with more than one alternative. Young (2010) people develop risk-benefit frameworks in most situations to analyze the options that are present. An individual would want to make decisions that impact positively on his or her life. The outcomes of situations depend on the nature of decisions that individuals make. Decision-making processes also apply in situations where consumers need to choose between products and services. The airline industry has several companies that offer same or similar services. The theories that explain decision-making processes include cognitive dissonance, consistency theory, commitment, certainty effect, choice-supportive bias, confirmation bias, the scarcity principle, and reasoned action theory (Young 2010). Cognitive dissonance theory maintains that individuals always seek to minimize the extent of discomfort in contradicting situations (Young 2010). According to the theory, individuals experience discomfort due to the conflicting ideas in their minds (Cooper 2007). It explains that an individual in such a situation is likely to take the easy option of eliminating the source of discomfort (Young 2010). Cognitive dissonance affects how consumers process information in relation to various products and services. Individuals will always have ideas that conflict with their pre-conceived perceptions about certain companies. The diversity in ideas results from the emerging trends, the shifting needs and social circles (Young 2010). In social circles, everyone tends to defend what they believe to avoid the uncomfortable situations. For instance, an individual may experience cognitive dissonance when he receives a message that contradicts the value that he attaches to an airline company (Cooper 2007). A friend may try to convince him that there is another company that offers better services than the company he has been using. Marketers may use the concepts of this theory to present consistent information when engaging consumers. Consistency theory asserts that lack of constancy in the relationship between beliefs and actions evoke uncomfortable feelings in individuals (Little-John Foss 2008). It affirms that people wish to engage in acts that are consistent with their belief and cultural system. The discordance in the relationship between the belief system and actions evoke uncomfortable feelings. An individual in such a circumstance is likely to change the belief and value system to accommodate the emerging trends. Human beings have predetermined belief and value systems that they use to evaluate decisions before making them. In other words, the choice that people make should always be consistent with what they perceive as right or wrong (Little-John Foss 2008). Any slight variation between the belief system and the course of action evokes the feelings of discomfort in individuals. The consistency theory explains why some people are particular about the flight attendants who serve them in an airplane. The theory may not find much application in customer engagement compared to cognitive dissonance theory. Most processes engaged in the provision of airline services do not contradict the belief systems of individuals. The theory of certainty result discusses how probabilities of outcomes influence the behavior of individuals (Secchi 2011). The theory maintains that people tend to develop less interest in situations which present low probability outcome of the desired results (Loughran et al. 2012). Similarly, an individual will develop more interest in a situation if the probability of achieving the desired results is high (Secchi 2011). Individuals make choices on the basis of the probability of the outcome of the situation. They perceive outcomes based on their past experiences or the experiences of other people. For instance, engaging consumers through social media provides a platform that consumers may use to present their feedbacks. Some of the feedbacks can be critical of a company’s operations. If so many people acknowledge the efficiency in operation of an airline company, then people are more to likely seek the same services. In other words, people want to get a hint of what would happen if they were to make a particular decision. The behaviour pattern is driven by the need to eliminate the negative feelings that come from disappointments. People have various expectations regarding how they want the outcomes of various situations to become (Loughran et al. 2012). Most airline companies use influential personalities in advertisements to create an impression of better past experiences. The personalities convince potential consumers that the services of the company were better. The aim of the advertisements is to influence consumers to develop positive opinions regarding the services of the company. Maximization utility theory predicts that human beings behave as if they were economists and were business-minded. It asserts that an individual is likely to make a choice of a product that offers the greatest value for the least amount of money possible (Kahneman Thaler 2006). In extreme circumstances, the costs of products and services are more likely to influence the purchasing behaviour of individuals even if the quality is compromised. Inadequate resources influence this type of a decision-making process (Kahneman Thaler 2006). In normal circumstances, people will want high-quality result for fewer inputs. It explains why people like to bargain when purchasing products and services. In the airline industry, people tend to go for companies that offer quality services at affordable rates. It can be argued that the understanding of this theory also affects the pricing strategies of various airline companies (Kahneman Thaler 2006). For instance, most airline companies have differ ent classes of passengers; first class, second class and third class. The first-class passengers can afford high charges for the highest quality of service. The low-class passengers are the people who wish to use airline services, but are discouraged by the high charges. Choice-supportive bias theory explains that most people twist their memories to convince the present result that the decisions they made were the best (Ross 2009). The theory asserts that most people manipulate their memories to prevent the feelings of disappointment that the result presents. The case happens in situations where an individual has to take an early stand in the matter that involves multiple options. Individuals will always want to remember less negative things about situations that happened (Ross, 2009). In a business environment, the choice –supportive bias theory occurs for consumers who have used a particular product or service for a long time. Such consumers will always talk negatively about other products or services. It is an advanced level of brand loyalty that results from effective consumer engagement strategies. Various companies understand that subjecting prospective customers through effective and consistent consumer engagement sessions influences th e way they perceive the services. Consumers would continue to stick even if their services were relatively poor compared other companies (Ross, 2009). The principle of scarcity affirms that individuals are more likely to go for services and products that are scarce in the market, especially if the demand is high. Individuals tend to associate scarcity of products and services with quality. The notion is that the services or products could be scarce because several people went for them (Siebert 2008). If many people went for them then, they must have been impressive. The abundant supply of a particular service or product may create the impression that it is less desired by people (Siebert 2008). Most people analyze situations to ascertain the behaviours of others towards various products or services (Siebert 2008). The aim is to avoid first-hand experience of disappointing results. Airline companies understand this principle and use it to increase the consumption of their services. They create a demand crisis then offer limited opportunities for utilization of their services. The strategy encourages people to book flights in advance to avoid a last minute rush. The reasoned action theory explains that individuals engage in certain actions because they planned to do so (Tanachart Islam 2010). It also explains that the intention originates from his or her attitude towards that behavior (Tanachart Islam 2010). In this context, the intention serves as the basis for prediction of a behavior pattern. Beliefs and values influence the formation of attitudes regarding certain patterns of behavior (Smith Biddle 2008). Understanding people’s beliefs system is important in understanding their attitudes. Understanding attitudes helps in predicting what an individual plans to do in a circumstance. An individual is more likely to engage in a particular action if he or she believes that it is the right thing to do in the circumstance. What other people think of the choice plays a central role in influencing the actions of the individual. The theory recognizes that there are factors that limit the influence of people’s intentions towards en gaging in a particular behavior (Smith Biddle 2008). For instance, the airline companies are aware that many people wish to use their services but are incapacitated by the lack of financial resources. The understanding has compelled the airline companies to develop different classes of service; high class, middle class and the low class. Cognitive dissonance theory, maximization utility, the reasoned action and the theory of certainty provide realistic concepts for predicting the behavior of consumers. Companies are more likely to use them in designing and implementing consumer engagement strategies. Conclusion Companies in the airline industry engage consumers through an integrated marketing approach. The approach is influenced by the diversified nature of the market. The engagement process begins from the selection stage and ends at retention of customers. There are various theories that explain how consumers make decisions regarding products or services. Such theories include cognitive dissonance, consistency theory, commitment, certainty effect, choice-supportive bias, confirmation bias, the scarcity principle, and reasoned action theory. References Ashworth, G. J., Kavaratzis, M., (2010). Towards effective place brand management: branding European cities and regions. Internet Resource. Bijmolt, T., Leeflang, P., Block, F and Eisenbesiss M., (2010). Analytics for Customer Engagement, Journal of Service Research, Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 341-356. Bowden, J., (2009). ‘Customer Engagement: A Framework for Assessing Customer-Brand Relationships: The Case of the Restaurant Industry’, Journal Of Hospitality Marketing Management, Vol. 18, No. 6, pp. 574-596, COOPER, J., (2007). Cognitive dissonance fifty years of a classic theory. Los Angeles, SAGE. Kahneman, D. Thaler, R.H., (2006). â€Å"Anomalies: Utility Maximization and Experienced Utility†, The Journal of Economic Perspectives, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 221-234. Littlejohn, S. W., Foss, K. A. (2008). Theories of human communication. Australia, Thomson Wadsworth. Loughran, T. A., Pogarsky, G., Piquero, A. R., Paternoster, R., (2012). Re-Examining the Functional Form of the Certainty Effect in Deterrence Theory. JQ: Justice Quarterly, Vol. 29, No.5, pp. 712-741. Posavac, S. S., (2012). Cracking the code: leveraging consumer psychology to drive profitability. Armonk, N.Y., M.E. Sharpe. ROSS, B. H., (2009). Advances in research and theory. Amsterdam, Elsevier. Secchi, D. (2011). Extendable rationality understanding decision making in organizations. New York, Springer. Shakeel-Ul-Rehman Ibrahim, M.S.. (2011). â€Å"Integrated Marketing Communication and Promotion†, Researchers World, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 187-191. Siebert, H., (2008). Economics of the environment: theory and policy. London, Springer. Smith, A. L., Biddle, S., (2008). Youth physical activity and sedentary behavior: challenges and solutions. Champaign, IL, Human Kinetics. Tanachart R., Islam, S.N., (2010). Designing an Efficient Management System: Modelling of Convergence Factors Exemplified by the Case of Japanese Businesses in Thailand. Heidelberg, Physica. Young â€Å"Sally†, K 2011, ‘Application of the Cognitive Dissonance Theory to the Service Industry’, Services Marketing Quarterly, Vol. 32, No. 2, pp. 96-112. How to cite Airline Consumer Engagement Marketing Essay, Essays

Performance Excellence in Hotels free essay sample

The failure in delivering high performance will have negative impacts on both internal and external customers. Therefore, the main purpose of this research project is to introduce the concept of performance excellence in the service sector, discuss the meaning and driving forces of competitiveness through the performance excellence in this sector, and report the findings of building excellence in organizational design, team work as well as leadership within The project will be organized in a way that gives a balanced critical review of performance excellence and answer the following questions, in particular its implementation in Hotel: 1. What functional roles does performance excellence play in an organization and in particular on the service sector? 2. What are basic dimensions of performance excellence that influence the development of competitive advantage in the service sector? 3. What are some relationships between quality and performance excellence in attaining sustainable competitive advantage? Performance Excellence and Its Functional Roles Performance excellence can be defined as an integrated approach to organizational performance management that result in delivery of ever-improving value to customers and stakeholders; improvement of overall organizational effectiveness and capabilities; and organizational personal learning This implies that all managers should give more interests and attention to implement it. We will write a custom essay sample on Performance Excellence in Hotels or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The extracted information from the previous process can help executive managers to identify opportunities and threats as a necessary step to adapt successful strategies.